DOH eyes proactive response to potential leptospirosis surge after flooding

Fernan Carigma

The Department of Health (DOH) is currently on heightened alert to prevent and manage a potential increase in leptospirosis cases following the impact of three consecutive tropical cyclones—Crising, Dante, and Emong—as well as the intensified southwest monsoon (habagat), which has resulted in significant flooding across numerous communities nationwide.

The affected areas, particularly in Metro Manila, Central Luzon, and parts of the Ilocos and Calabarzon regions, are under close observation.

As of July 19, there have been over 3,000 reported cases of leptospirosis between January and that date, with 1,114 of these cases occurring within a six-week period since the official onset of the rainy season.

“Nakamamatay ang leptospirosis. Umaksyon agad, lalo na kung lumusong sa baha kamakailan,” the DOH warned in a public health advisory.

Leptospirosis is a serious bacterial infection that can be transmitted through floodwaters contaminated with the urine of infected animals, especially rodents. This infection can cause a range of symptoms, including fever, muscle pain, and vomiting. In severe cases, it may lead to kidney or liver failure. 

According to the DOH, symptoms can appear between 5 and 14 days after exposure, although they may occasionally take up to four weeks to manifest. 

In response to the potential outbreak, the DOH is implementing preventive measures, including the distribution of doxycycline, an antibiotic used for prophylaxis, particularly in flood-prone areas. 

Health stations at the barangay level and hospitals have been instructed to prioritize the health needs of at-risk populations, such as evacuees and sanitation workers.

From July 13 to July 31, hospitals managed by the Department of Health (DOH) reported a total of 569 new cases. 

Notably affected facilities included the East Avenue Medical Center, which recorded 32 cases, Sta. Ana Hospital with 26 cases, and the National Kidney and Transplant Institute had 19 cases. All of these institutions are situated in Metro Manila.

Health officials have underscored the importance of maintaining post-flood hygiene and seeking immediate medical consultation for those exposed to floodwaters. It is recommended that individuals wash thoroughly with soap and water and closely monitor their health for any potential issues.

The health department has issued a warning to the public regarding the risks associated with self-medication, particularly the improper use of antibiotics, which can obscure symptoms or lead to complications.

This advisory follows the recent report from the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC), which documented 34 storm-related fatalities, over 6.6 million individuals affected, and 526 areas impacted by flooding. 

The effects of storms Crising, Dante, and Emong, despite none making a significant landfall, were exacerbated by the heavy rains from the Habagat.

These conditions resulted in swollen rivers, overwhelmed drainage systems, and inundated homes and roads, creating an environment conducive to the transmission of leptospirosis.

In response, DOH is enhancing its health education initiatives in collaboration with local government units.

These efforts will utilize social media, community campaigns, and barangay briefings, aiming to combat misinformation and promote timely health-seeking behaviors among the public.

DOH has emphasized that prevention is the most effective strategy in combating health threats. Ensuring proper sanitation, ensuring access to safe drinking water, and promptly reporting any suspected cases within the community are essential measures in preventing outbreaks.

In light of the forecasted increase in storm activity over the coming months, the DOH urges all citizens to remain vigilant and actively take steps to protect their health and well-being.